References
- Malloy, K. W., & Austin, E. D. (2021). Pulmonary hypertension in the
child with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatric pulmonology ,56 (11), 3546–3556. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25602
- Jensen, E. A., & Schmidt, B. (2014). Epidemiology of bronchopulmonary
dysplasia. Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and
molecular teratology , 100 (3), 145–157.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bdra.23235
- Hansmann, G., Sallmon, H., Roehr, C. C., Kourembanas, S., Austin, E.
D., Koestenberger, M., & European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular
Disease Network (EPPVDN) (2021). Pulmonary hypertension in
bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatric research , 89 (3),
446–455. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-0993-4
- Homan, T. D., & Nayak, R. P. (2021). Short- and Long-Term
Complications of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Respiratory care ,66 (10), 1618–1629.
https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.08401
- Sullivan, R. T., Tandel, M. D., Bhombal, S., Adamson, G. T.,
Boothroyd, D. B., Tracy, M., Moy, A., & Hopper, R. K. (2022). Role of
left atrial hypertension in pulmonary hypertension associated with
bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Frontiers in pediatrics , 10 ,
1012136. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.1012136
- Sheth, S., Goto, L., Bhandari, V., Abraham, B., & Mowes, A. (2020).
Factors associated with development of early and late pulmonary
hypertension in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Journal of perinatology: official journal of the California
Perinatal Association , 40 (1), 138–148.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-019-0549-9
- Oluwole, I., Tan, J. B. C., DeSouza, S., Hutchinson, M., Leigh, R. M.,
Cha, M., Rodriguez, A., Hou, G., Rao, S. S., Narang, A., & Chou, F.
S. (2023). The association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade
and risks of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm infants
born at less than 30 weeks of gestation. The journal of
maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the
European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and
Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal
Obstetricians , 36 (1), 2167074.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2023.2167074
- Gallini, F., Coppola, M., De Rose, D. U., Maggio, L., Arena, R.,
Romano, V., Cota, F., Ricci, D., Romeo, D. M., Mercuri, E. M., &
Vento, G. (2021). Neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants:
The role of severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Early human
development , 152 , 105275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105275
- Dassios, T., Williams, E. E., Hickey, A., & Greenough, A. (2021).
Duration of mechanical ventilation and prediction of bronchopulmonary
dysplasia and home oxygen in extremely preterm infants. Acta
paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) , 110 (7), 2052–2058.
https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15801
- Yallapragada, S., Savani, R. C., Mūnoz-Blanco, S., Lagatta, J. M.,
Truog, W. E., Porta, N. F. M., Nelin, L. D., Zhang, H., Vyas-Read, S.,
DiGeronimo, R., Natarajan, G., Wymore, E., Haberman, B., Machry, J.,
Potoka, K., Children’s Hospital Neonatal Consortium severe
bronchopulmonary dysplasia subgroup, & Murthy, K. (2021). Qualitative
indications for tracheostomy and chronic mechanical ventilation in
patients with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Journal of
perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal
Association , 41 (11), 2651–2657.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-01165-9
- Chang, H. P., Lien, R., Chu, S. M., Lin, J. J., & Chiang, M. C.
(2023). Outcomes of and factors associated with the development of
bronchopulmonary dysplasia with pulmonary hypertension in very low
birth weight infants: A retrospective study in a medical center.Frontiers in pediatrics , 11 , 1055439.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1055439
- Karkoutli, A. A., Brumund, M. R., & Evans, A. K. (2020).
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring tracheostomy: A review of
management and outcomes. International journal of pediatric
otorhinolaryngology , 139 , 110449.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110449
- Lodha, A., Ediger, K., Rabi, Y., Lodha, S., Tang, S., Bhandari, A.,
Sauve, R., & Bhandari, V. (2015). Does chronic oxygen dependency in
preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at NICU discharge
predict respiratory outcomes at 3 years of age?. Journal of
perinatology: official journal of the California Perinatal
Association , 35 (7), 530–536.
https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2015.7
- Upadhyay, K., Vallarino, D. A., & Talati, A. J. (2020). Outcomes of
neonates with tracheostomy secondary to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.BMC pediatrics , 20 (1), 414.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02324-1
- Ong, J. W. Y., Everitt, L., Hiscutt, J., Griffiths, C., McEvoy, A.,
Goss, K. C. W., Johnson, M. J., & Evans, H. J. (2022).
Characteristics and outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
established on long-term ventilation from neonatal intensive care.Pediatric pulmonology , 57 (11), 2614–2621.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.26072
- Morrow, C. B., McGrath-Morrow, S. A., & Collaco, J. M. (2018).
Predictors of length of stay for initial hospitalization in infants
with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Journal of perinatology:
official journal of the California Perinatal Association ,38 (9), 1258–1265.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-018-0142-7
- Akangire, G., Lachica, C., Noel-MacDonnell, J., Begley, A., Sampath,
V., Truog, W., & Manimtim, W. (2023). Outcomes of infants with severe
bronchopulmonary dysplasia who received tracheostomy and home
ventilation. Pediatric pulmonology , 58 (3), 753–762.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.26248
- House, M., Nathan, A., Bhuiyan, M. A. N., & Ahlfeld, S. K. (2021).
Morbidity and respiratory outcomes in infants requiring tracheostomy
for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatric pulmonology ,56 (8), 2589–2596. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25455
- Smith, M. A., Steurer, M. A., Mahendra, M., Zinter, M. S., & Keller,
R. L. (2023). Sociodemographic factors associated with tracheostomy
and mortality in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatric
pulmonology , 58 (4), 1237–1246.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.26328
- Cristea, A. I., Carroll, A. E., Davis, S. D., Swigonski, N. L., &
Ackerman, V. L. (2013). Outcomes of children with severe
bronchopulmonary dysplasia who were ventilator dependent at home.Pediatrics , 132 (3), e727–e734.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-2990
- McKinney, R. L., & Agarwal, A. (2023). Transition from intensive care
unit to a portable ventilator in children with severe bronchopulmonary
dysplasia. Pediatric pulmonology , 58 (3), 712–719.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.26274
- Murthy, K., Savani, R. C., Lagatta, J. M., Zaniletti, I., Wadhawan,
R., Truog, W., Grover, T. R., Zhang, H., Asselin, J. M., Durand, D.
J., Short, B. L., Pallotto, E. K., Padula, M. A., Dykes, F. D., Reber,
K. M., & Evans, J. R. (2014). Predicting death or tracheostomy
placement in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California
Perinatal Association , 34 (7), 543–548.
https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2014.35
- Lloyd AM, Behzadpour HK, Rana MS, Espinel AG. Factors associated with
tracheostomy decannulation in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology . 2023
Dec 1;175:111754.
- Liao K, Chorney SR, Brown AB, et al. The Impact of Socioeconomic
Disadvantage on Pediatric Tracheostomy Outcomes. Laryngoscope .
2021;131(11):2603-2609. doi:10.1002/lary.29576
- Beams, D. R., Chorney, S. R., Kou, Y. F., Teplitzky, T. B., Wynings,
E. M., & Johnson, R. F. (2022). Emergency Department Visits and
Hospitalizations After Pediatric Tracheostomy. The
Laryngoscope , 10.1002/lary.30416. Advance online publication.
https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.30416
- Johnson, R. F., Brown, C. M., Beams, D. R., Wang, C. S., Shah, G. B.,
Mitchell, R. B., & Chorney, S. R. (2022). Racial Influences on
Pediatric Tracheostomy Outcomes. The Laryngoscope ,132 (5), 1118–1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29847
- Chorney, S. R., Brown, A. F., Brooks, R. L., Bailey, C., Whitney, C.,
Sewell, A., & Johnson, R. F. (2021). Pediatric Tracheostomy Outcomes
After Development of a Multidisciplinary Airway Team: A Quality
Improvement Initiative. OTO open , 5 (3),
2473974X211045615. https://doi.org/10.1177/2473974X211045615
- Manimtim, W. M., Agarwal, A., Alexiou, S., Levin, J. C., Aoyama, B.,
Austin, E. D., Bansal, M., Bauer, S. E., Cristea, A. I., Fierro, J.
L., Garey, D. M., Hayden, L. P., Kaslow, J. A., Miller, A. N., Moore,
P. E., Nelin, L. D., Popova, A. P., Rice, J. L., Tracy, M. C., Baker,
C. D., … Collaco, J. M. (2023). Respiratory Outcomes for
Ventilator-Dependent Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.Pediatrics , 151 (5), e2022060651.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-060651
- PA Harris, R Taylor, R Thielke, J Payne, N Gonzalez, JG. Conde,
Research electronic data capture (REDCap) – A metadata-driven
methodology and workflow process for providing translational research
informatics support, J Biomed Inform . 2009 Apr;42(2):377-81.
- Jackson, M., Kuchler, T., Stroebel, J., Hendren, N., Fluegge, R.,
Gong, S., … & Wernerfelt, N. (2022). Social Capital I:
Measurement and Associations With Economic Mobility. Nature ,
7921(608), 108-121.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4
- Jackson, M. O., Kuchler, T., Stroebel, J., Hendren, N., Fluegge, R.
B., Gong, S., … & Wernerfelt, N. (2022). Social Capital Ii:
Determinants Of Economic Connectedness. Nature , 7921(608),
122-134.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04997-3
- Watters, K., O’Neill, M., Zhu, H., Graham, R., Hall, M., Berry, J.
(2016). Two-year Mortality, Complications, and Healthcare Use In
Children With Medicaid Following Tracheostomy. The
Laryngoscope , 11(126), 2611-2617.https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.25972
- Pettitt-Schieber B, Mahendran G, Tey CS, Prickett KK. Risk factors for
return visits in children discharged with tracheostomy. Int J
Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 2021;150:110860.
doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110860, 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110860
- Davidson C, Jacob B, Brown A, et al. Perioperative Outcomes After
Tracheostomy Placement Among Complex Pediatric Patients.Laryngoscope . 2021;131(8):E2469-E2474. doi:10.1002/lary.29402
- Sekioka, A., Fukumoto, K., Miyake, H., Nakaya, K., Nomura, A., Yamada,
S., Kanai, R., & Urushihara, N. (2020). Long-Term Outcomes After
Pediatric Tracheostomy-Candidates for and Timing of Decannulation.The Journal of surgical research , 255 , 216–223.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.05.061
- Branescu, I., Shetty, S., Richards, J., Vladareanu, S., & Kulkarni,
A. (2023). Pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants with
moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Acta
paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) , 10.1111/apa.16863. Advance online
publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16863
- Lagatta, J. M., Hysinger, E. B., Zaniletti, I., Wymore, E. M.,
Vyas-Read, S., Yallapragada, S., Nelin, L. D., Truog, W. E., Padula,
M. A., Porta, N. F. M., Savani, R. C., Potoka, K. P., Kawut, S. M.,
DiGeronimo, R., Natarajan, G., Zhang, H., Grover, T. R., Engle, W. A.,
Murthy, K., & Children’s Hospital Neonatal Consortium Severe BPD
Focus Group (2018). The Impact of Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm
Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia through 1 Year.The Journal of pediatrics , 203 , 218–224.e3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.035
- Gentle, S. J., Travers, C. P., Nakhmani, A., Indic, P., Carlo, W. A.,
& Ambalavanan, N. (2023). Intermittent Hypoxemia and Bronchopulmonary
Dysplasia with Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine ,207 (7), 899–907.
https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202203-0580OC
- Nakanishi, H., Uchiyama, A., & Kusuda, S. (2016). Impact of pulmonary
hypertension on neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants with
bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a cohort study. Journal of
perinatology: official journal of the California Perinatal
Association , 36 (10), 890–896.
https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.108
Figure 1: Goodness-of-fit Plot for Decannulation Model
Figure 2. Goodness-of-fit Plot for Mortality Model
Table 1. Demographics of Children with a Tracheostomy by
Presence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia