Fig. 5. The relationships between plant diversity, environmental
factors, and plant and soil phenology in (A) spring, (B) summer, and (C)
winter. Only significant (p <0.05) paths are shown. The
black arrows indicate positive effects, while the orange arrows indicate
negative effects. The arrow width is proportional to the strength of the
effect, which is indicated by the standardized coefficient in the boxes
on the lines. Double-arrowed arrows indicate correlated errors.