Abstract

Multiuser gigantic-multiple-input multiple-output (MU-gMIMO) and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are jointly seen as important enabling technologies for sixth generation (6G) networks. They have many benefits, such as spatial multiplexing, spatial diversity, massive connectivity, and spectral efficiency (SE). However, gMIMO-NOMA suffers from many inherent challenges. In this paper, we propose an MU-gMIMO-hybrid multiple-access (HMA) heterogeneous network architecture to address the 'nearly same channel gain' issue. Then, an iterative minimal mean squared error (IMMSE) scheme is applied along with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) for maximal ratio transmission in the proposed transceiver design to address the 'residual error' caused by imperfect successive interference cancellation (ISIC). Finally, to assess the performance of the proposed architecture for the 'time offsets' issue, we investigate the asynchronous mode with an MMSE detector matrix following imperfect channel state information (ICSI) to provide a new analysis for HMA transmission and formulate an optimization problem for energy efficiency (EE).